Short answer: No. Either emulate, or buy a GBA, GBP, or an accurate clone console.
Long, nerdy-ass answer: What you propose is a legitimately interesting engineering topic. Anyone who knows anything about computers can tell you that you could create a USB device that can link an emulator to a GameCube by using the correct protocols - but the problem is how much latency would there be.
Networking a GBA to a Gamecube requires tight timings, and connecting it to a Wii running in Wii Mode (Nintendont and Devolution) is even tighter, which causes many third-party cables to fail. (In Gamecube mode, it's basically the same - the tighter timing is caused by IOS, not hardware) It's not latency-friendly in the least, which is why Dolphin stalls like mad if your computer can't handle emulating the network perfectly. It's beyond my skill to develop such a prototype, and beyond my interest level to learn how (I already have 3 GBAs and a GBP, thanks kindly) but it is at least hypothetically possible, but doesn't yet exist.